https://newlands.stanford.edu/9-to-washington daily 0.75 2019-08-05 https://newlands.stanford.edu/prologue daily 0.75 2020-10-15 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5f889dc07e89f0237cef93e1/1602788813344/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-15%2Bat%2B11.35.17%2BAM.jpg Prologue Francis G. Newlands shot by Carleton Watkins https://newlands.stanford.edu/6-mr-sharon-and-lady daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0479db562f010001c7c2da/1591724949914/080635edf777d9bf5866e596d77d8bcb_roseofsharon.jpg 6 - “Mr. Sharon and Lady” Figure 6.1: Attractive, sensuous, and haughty, Sarah Althea Hill claimed that her family was Southern planter aristocracy. She and Sharon began an affair in 1880. When Sharon tried to end their relationship, Sarah initiated a lengthy and tawdry legal battle that ultimately cost them both everything. (Courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley) https://newlands.stanford.edu/acknowledgements daily 0.75 2019-07-15 https://newlands.stanford.edu/1-youth-yale daily 0.75 2019-09-28 https://newlands.stanford.edu/2-moving-with-all-the-elite daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d000e2033d71d0001b03cc3/1591724727905/Newlands+fig1.png 2 - Moving With “All the Elite” Figure 2.1: Photographed by Carleton Watkins in San Francisco in 1874, a patrician-looking Frank Newlands appears well-coiffed, calm, and confident. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d000fa945cac100011a1927/1591724747526/fig3.png 2 - Moving With “All the Elite” Figure 2.3: An 1874 Taber photo of William Sharon, which served as the official photo for his daughter’s wedding (Nov 1874) and his election by the Nevada state legislature to the United States Senate (Jan 1875). Fittingly, Sharon is in full banker regalia, with his trademark black hat and black suit. He is slight but grim, befitting the tycoon of San Francisco. Newlands, his son-in-law, wrote that Sharon’s “personality was too pronounced to make him very popular.” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d000f38f3b1fe00013d47fa/1591724736957/fig2.png 2 - Moving With “All the Elite” Figure 2.2: A portrait of San Francisco in 1870 from atop Russian Hill, later called Nob Hill. Sweeping down steep Vallejo Street past the busy commercial harbor and into the Bay, residential and commercial buildings are jammed into every space. The city’s population grew 166% since 1860, leading James Bryce to write wonderingly of a “turbulent” and “unstable” city. https://newlands.stanford.edu/7-alkali-exile daily 0.75 2019-08-05 https://newlands.stanford.edu/about-the-author daily 0.75 2021-07-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d007bf30187cc000117ff11/1591724681517/large_digital_bill_lilley_0.jpg About the Author William Lilley III https://newlands.stanford.edu/home daily 1.0 2020-09-21 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d00747b7458550001c564f2/1560355499767/SpringValleyWaterWorks.jpg Home - The System of the River Francis Newlands and the Improbable Quest to Irrigate the West by William Lilley III https://newlands.stanford.edu/5-spring-valley daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d578952b0959d00018c340b/1591724930662/schussler.png 5 - Spring Valley Figure 5.1: Hermann Schussler’s engineering and architectural skills were legendary. When Newlands sought to persuade the San Francisco Board of Supervisors to adopt a mutually agreeable new rate schedule for the Spring Valley Water Company, Schussler tutored Newlands in how the company’s complicated cost structure was tied to the size of the city’s population and the size of the city’s own “free” water consumption. In the photo, Schussler, sporting a sombrero, is in the field, checking the delivery pipes running from Hetch Hetchy to San Francisco Courtesy The McCune Collection and The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. https://newlands.stanford.edu/appendix-ii daily 0.75 2019-06-14 https://newlands.stanford.edu/8-trouble-on-the-truckee daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34adaa54a5606798983652/1591724991124/13_good_news.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.3: Newlands’ irrigation plan dazzled the Nevada press, citing the maps and diagrams. The reliably skeptical Carson City Daily Appeal praised it in contrast to “the useless and wholly impractical work of Major Powell.” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34ab0b2b2d5a648e552d66/1591724983024/11_FGN_home_RattlesnakePoint_summer.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.2: The Truckee River in Nevada, fed by the run-off from Lake Tahoe, flows between Reno and Truckee Bluffs. Newlands solitary house, built in 1890, perches on the bluffs at Rattlesnake Point. The size of the house, and its separation from Reno, attests to Newlands status as Nevada’s “peacock in the chicken yard.” The photos capture the difference between mountain West rivers at spring flood run-off (left) and placid summertime (right). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0483d090be8d0001619e5b/1591724998448/16671700_hall_p1.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.4: This letter, which is written on official U.S. Government stationery, identifies William H. Hall as a senior federal official. The letter advises private citizens on how to invest in irrigable land in Nevada. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d04841a3a7326000127e860/1591725004266/16671701_hall_p2.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.5: The Hall letter is a detailed roadmap of current development costs for irrigation dam construction in Nevada. The Nevada numbers are contrasted with current market costs at comparable irrigation dam sites in California. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d04881ad800ce0001049d6a/1591725012941/1004827new_truckee.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.6: A detailed map of Newlands’ proposed Truckee project. The map is witness to the personal time that Newlands himself spent surveying the Truckee and imagining what an ideal irrigation project would look like. Newlands’ daughter Janet told me in 1963 that he often commented on how the later federal development resembled his original plan. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34ac2654a560679897e8d5/1591724976924/image.jpg 8 - Trouble on the Truckee Figure 8.1: The Truckee River at spring runoff https://newlands.stanford.edu/selected-bibliography daily 0.75 2019-06-14 https://newlands.stanford.edu/appendix-i daily 0.75 2019-06-14 https://newlands.stanford.edu/3-soninlaw daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34a560f70d225fec9345c7/1591724840713/03_twain_buddies.jpg 3 - Son-In-Law Figure 3.3: Movers and Shakers, Virginia City 1864. Mark Twain at 29 flanked by William H Clagett and A.J. Simmons. The trio pooled their funds to speculate in silver mines on which they had been tipped. Twain’s columns in the Territorial Enterprise (rerun in the San Francisco papers) made him a local celebrity. Simmons was speaker in the territorial assembly and “Billy” Clagett, also a member of the assembly, was active in Nevada silver mining. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34a49b82e01937d775e316/1591724824963/01_VACity_Harpers.jpg 3 - Son-In-Law Figure 3.1: Virginia City, 1864 - Lithograph shows a frenzied frontier mining town in a year of silver bonanzas. C Street, the main drag, runs east to west, ending abruptly where snowshoe paths start uphill to the silver mines, the stamping mills and the Sierra Nevada. The Bank of California is on the southerly corner of the second block. The Territorial Enterprise is on the third block, and the Wells Fargo stagecoach stop is on the 4th block (TAHOE is emblazoned on the building.) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34a4fae051ef5d5698c5b2/1591724834309/02_William_Sharon.jpg 3 - Son-In-Law Figure 3.2: William Sharon in his forties in Virginia City. Known as the “King of the Comstock,” the dour titan is a slight man with thinning hair. Only rarely was Sharon photographed without his trademark black banker’s hat. https://newlands.stanford.edu/11-new-lands daily 0.75 2019-08-05 https://newlands.stanford.edu/10-the-short-session daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d05b3be17e048000132aae9/1591725041709/Yellowstone_Basin_Map3.jpg 10 - The Short Session Figure 10.1: Frederick Newell was a pioneer in region-wide thinking, showcased in his mapping of multi-state, hydrographic basins. which he did for the USGS arid-land survey. Newell’s signature regional map, shown here, was titled “The Yellowstone Basin”—not “Wyoming-Montana.” The map is a cartographic lesson in the unsuitability of one state managing a river’s water flow when its flows are multi-state and basin-wide. Note that the Yellowstone basin is split in almost perfect halves by the east-west border line running between Wyoming and Montana. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34ac80fb38da4ec99001bd/1591725050714/12_FGN.jpg 10 - The Short Session Figure 10.2: Newlands in Washington 1900, at peak of House career while drafting his reclamation bill. Newlands “weekended” at his country estate in nearby Chevy Chase (MD) which Newlands developed as the country’s first “suburban new town.” He fancied himself an Edwardian gentleman, was an avid horseman, and dressed accordingly. Note the spats. https://newlands.stanford.edu/4-ralstons-ruin daily 0.75 2020-06-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34b225fb38da4ec9913752/1591724873589/04_bankCA_1.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.1: The Bank of California https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34a8d8fb38da4ec98f23ca/1591724889833/07_Palace_Hotel_1887.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.3: San Francisco’s Palace Hotel opened in 1875. From its inception, the hotel figured prominently in the city’s imagination. William Ralston designed the hotel, William Sharon financed it and Francis Newlands managed it. It was built to be big and grand. With 755 rooms, hydraulic elevators (“rising rooms”) a first-class restaurant, and luxury shops, the hotel attracted travelers from the East Coast and London. Oscar Lewis wrote a fine book Bonanza Inn (1939) about the Palace and its mark on San Francisco. It is still in print. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34a9bebffbf219e80103a8/1591724899014/08_Palace_Hotel_courtyard.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.4 : The photo captures the grandness of the courtyard entrance to the hotel. The scale is big and the taste is opulent. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0126a0845cf600010df843/1591724914876/SpringValleyWaterWorks.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.6: A map illustrating how Spring Valley’s water sources encircle San Francisco. This map was prepared by the company’s chief engineer, Hermann F.A. Schussler, a brilliant engineer and skilled businessman who was a prominent force in the water company. Schussler’s map shows that Spring Valley’s operations were necessarily regional in character, drawing water from reservoirs in Santa Clara, Alameda and San Mateo counties. Courtesy of Barry Lawrence Ruderman Map Collection, Stanford University https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34aa1a54a5606798977131/1591724905779/09_Palace_Hotel_onMontgomery.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.5 : Palace Hotel & Grand Hotel. San Francisco 1880s. Sharon owned both. The second-floor, covered passageway is rich in local lore. Allegedly, businessmen had meetings in the more lavish Palace Hotel and stashed women in the simpler Grand. The covered passageway kept the comings and goings off the streets. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5e34b274e35b7148dd13cbcb/1591724879196/05_bankCA_2.jpg 4 - Ralston’s Ruin Figure 4.2: The photos of the Bank of California were taken by Carleton Watkins, illustrious photographer of western landscapes and work sites. The photographs capture the low-budget look of the Sharon bank. The stereopticon shot by Watkins, taken in the afternoon, shows the heavy foot traffic at the bank. Sharon’s living quarters, facing out onto C Street, are on the second floor with the windows open. Sharon lived on the town’s edge where the paths went up to the mines. https://newlands.stanford.edu/foreword daily 0.75 2019-07-08 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d237c9341ec3a0001226891/1562606743763/Bruce+first+name+only+esig.png Foreword https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0d0a25f14ad20001c3cf2a/1561135677432/Bill-Lane-Center-Logo-1200px-transp.png Foreword https://newlands.stanford.edu/hall-letters daily 0.75 2019-06-21 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0d0277f4c37b0001dad51a/1561133712927/Hall+page+1+header.png Hall Letters https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0485564412020001f08de1/1560579864130/16671701_hall_p2+para9-10.png Hall Letters Of the sites within your Truckee and Carson basins, of which I have exact data, I expect from the surveys made for the benefit of your own people, you have already some definite knowledge. I may say, however, that aside from Lake Tahoe, Webber lake presents opportunity for the cheapest storage. There something over 11,000 acre-feet of water can be held at a cost between three and four dollars to the acre-foot. Then, next in order comes Donner lake, where something over 40,000 acre-feet can be stored at a cost between five and six dollars per acre-foot. Or, by another scheme, not taking in all of the Donner and lower part of the Coldstream basin, about 22,000 acre-feet can be stored at a cost (according to the General Government Irrigation Surveys) of five to six dollars to the acre-foot. But judging from an inspection of the locality, and from private surveys, I think it likely that the cost in this case may not exceed four dollars the acre-foot. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d04852e498dca0001c5cf2b/1560579880267/16671701_hall_p2+last+para.png Hall Letters The cost of irrigation canals in California and elsewhere, of which I have knowledge, ranges from two dollars to ten dollars to the acre which they are capable of irrigating. Irrigation upon the plains commanded by the Walker and Carson rivers, should not anywhere cost, for main canals with their principal branches, more than three dollars to the acre which they would be capable of serving. In the basin of the Truckee this cost will be greater, I think, ranging between five dollars and six dollars to the acre-although, in the case of those lands which are already irrigated, doubtless their works can duplicated at a less cost. Supposing that your storage and canal combined works are to cost even as much as fifteen dollars per acre. Surely lands which are almost absolutely valueless without water, and which, being supplied with it are worth fifty dollars, can stand this outlay of fifteen dollars to effect the desired end. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5cfffc359fcd6d00011b9079/t/5d0484bed8314500016e73e4/1560579850680/16671700_hall_p1+exerpt.png Hall Letters San Francisco, August 22, 1890 HON. FRANCIS G. NEWLANDS, Reno, Nevada: My Dear Mr. Newlands- You have asked me to write something concerning the cost of canal works and of storing water, for your irrigation pamphlet to be put before the good people of Nevada, and I take pleasure in sending you this hastily-written letter, regretting that I am not enabled to lay before you, in detail, the full line of data on these subjects at my command., Of course there are storage sites like Lake Tahoe, and similar natural lake basins which might be mentioned (the outlets being narrow and easily closed), where storage may be effected at exceedingly low rates; but these are hardly to be regarded as artificial reservoirs, even after dams are built. In such places water may often be stored at less than a dollar per acre-foot of storage capacity. As you very well know from your own examinations, the cost of storage in Lake Tahoe will come to only a few cents per acre­foot. https://newlands.stanford.edu/contact daily 0.75 2021-07-26 https://newlands.stanford.edu/q-a daily 0.75 2019-06-28 https://newlands.stanford.edu/image-bibliography daily 0.75 2020-02-22